饥饿游戏
China’s ‘Xuelong 2’ begins first ice station survey in central Arctic Ocean_我的网站
A |
After completing the first stage of comprehensive ocean station surveys on Friday, Xuelong 2 sailed toward higher latitudes and selected a large, relatively flat piece of sea ice about 1.5 meters thick in a densely packed ice zone for its first ice station.
According to Lin Long, captain of the Xuelong 2 sea ice team, the ice station survey conducted by the vessel during this voyage will include six short-term ice stations and one long-term ice station, the Xinhua News Agency reported Sunday.
More than 20 types of scientific operations will be carried out, including the deployment of expendable ice-based buoys, snow and ice-core sampling, under-ice water sampling, sea-ice remote sensing, atmospheric profiling and under-ice oceanographic observations.
Lan Musheng, assistant to the chief scientist of the expedition, said the researchers will comprehensively monitor changes in parameters related to the atmosphere, sea ice, upper ocean and ecological processes beneath the ice as the sea ice melts.
The observations will provide scientific data for studying the rapid changes in Arctic sea ice, the mechanisms behind those changes and the evolution of Arctic ecosystems.
The ice station work is part of China's 16th Arctic Ocean scientific expedition, which was organized by the Ministry of Natural Resources. The expedition set sail from Dalian, Northeast China's Liaoning Province on July 3.
The mission is being carried out by four vessels - Xuelong, Xuelong 2, Jidi and Tansuo-3 - and is expected to be completed in early October.
The expedition is focusing on comprehensive surveys of sea ice, hydrology, biology, ecology and the atmospheric environment in key areas of the Arctic Ocean.
The two icebreakers Xuelong and Xuelong 2 will work together on the ice station surveys. Xuelong completed surveys at 12 ice stations on Friday.
Lin said the ice station locations planned for Xuelong 2 will work in coordination with those of Xuelong to form an observation array.
The arrangement will allow researchers to more deeply investigate the interactions among the atmosphere, sea ice and ocean in the central Arctic Ocean amid rapid environmental changes, as well as their coupling effects with the ecosystem.
The expedition is being conducted against a backdrop of rapid changes in the Arctic environment.
When the mission was launched in July, expedition leader Wang Jinhui said that global warming was driving rapid and profound changes in the Arctic natural environment, with trends such as sea-ice melting intensifying.
The expedition is therefore designed not only to monitor environmental changes but also to investigate frontier scientific questions, including the dynamic evolution of the oceanic crust.
Working on sea ice also presents significant safety challenges. Low temperatures and complex ice-surface conditions can pose risks to researchers, while polar bears are considered the biggest safety risk during ice station operations.
The expedition team has therefore formulated specific bear-prevention and emergency response plans and equipped personnel with various types of bear-deterrence equipment and emergency supplies to ensure their safety.
。
B | 不仅有利于完善亚欧大陆整体交通网络，更将为疫情后重启经济、发掘经济潜力创造新机遇。9月15日至16日，上海合作组织成员国元首理事会第二十二次会议将在乌兹别克斯坦撒马尔罕召开。8月2日，乌兹别克斯坦代理外交部部长弗拉基米尔·诺罗夫表示，中吉乌铁路修建协议计划在撒马尔罕峰会期间签署。
C | 该协议的签署，无疑将成为本届峰会一大重要成果。中吉乌铁路，对上合组织成员国及其辐射国家发展影响广泛，其不是单一的铁路交通线路，在交通互联互通方面具有极大的地缘经济与政治价值，尤其是在俄乌冲突引发全球及区域地缘政治生变的背景下，对于上合组织覆盖区域的交通网络与体系构建及其外延式发展意义深远。
D | 中亚经济发展的新引擎开通中吉乌铁路，将促进中国与中亚、南亚、西亚、欧洲国际市场的深度融合，成为中国与上合组织覆盖国家在“一带一路”框架下互联互通、互惠互利的标志性项目，不仅将构建起新亚欧大陆桥的南部通路、拓宽运输范围，还将改变我国西部地区的交通格局。
E | 辐射周边的新纽带中吉乌铁路建设不仅惠及中国、吉尔吉斯斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦三国，对周边国家也具有极其重要的意义。土库曼斯坦对丝绸之路的形成与发展作出过重要贡献，被誉为“人间七条路的十字路口”。自独立以来，土库曼斯坦在中亚国家中率先提出恢复古丝绸之路倡议，30年来一直努力践行海陆空交通运输一体化战略，修建了多条国内与国际铁路。此外，还耗巨资修建了6座机场、2座跨阿姆河大桥、1条高速公路及土库曼巴希国际海港等。目前，土库曼斯坦在推进“青金石”（“阿富汗—土库曼斯坦—阿塞拜疆—格鲁吉亚—土耳其”）交通走廊、“中亚—近东”（“乌兹别克斯坦—土库曼斯坦—伊朗—阿曼—卡塔尔”）交通走廊、“里海—黑海”（“土库曼斯坦—阿塞拜疆—格鲁吉亚—罗马尼亚”）交通走廊建设。
F | 从某种意义上说，土库曼斯坦是中亚国家中修建现代交通基础设施最多、最好的国家，但土国受限周边交通环境，其现代化交通运输体系的效能还尚未完全发挥出来，当前只有“哈—土—伊”南北国际铁路、土库曼巴希港发挥了一定潜能。
G | 中吉乌铁路的开通，能使土库曼斯坦联通中国的铁路由1条增为2条，能使土通过中国连接亚太地区，将让土真正纳入欧亚大陆的“一路一区”（“丝绸之路”与“环里海地区”）交通网络，土库曼斯坦的交通运输潜能将得到全面释放。
H | 当下，土耳其推进的国家交通战略主要以里海“中间走廊”为依托，意在连接格鲁吉亚和阿塞拜疆，再经里海区域哈萨克斯坦或土库曼斯坦两国海港，进入中亚、阿富汗以及巴基斯坦，最终向东抵达中国，以进一步完善亚欧大陆交通网构建，同时谋求最大化地缘政治利益。“中间走廊”与“一带一路”交通线路存在一定的重合，中亚区域是二者战略对接的重点。“中间走廊”在中亚地区分为北、中、南3条线路，其中正在运营的北、中两条线路只经过哈萨克斯坦，而经过乌兹别克斯坦与土库曼斯坦的南线尚未被激活。同时，俄乌冲突与哈萨克斯坦一月事件的外溢影响，已开始波及到了“中间走廊”北、中两条线路战略安全。
I | 中吉乌铁路的开通，可加速“中间走廊”南线在乌土两国境内的贯通，更加深化“一带一路”交通线路与土耳其“中间走廊”的紧密对接。“南—北”走廊建设的驱动器“南—北”走廊构想于1993年被提出。2000年9月，俄罗斯、伊朗和印度就其签署构建协议，随后阿塞拜疆、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、土耳其等14国先后加入。
J | “南—北”走廊从提出到构建，横跨两个世纪，因受多种因素影响构建动力不足，进展不大。
K | 俄乌冲突爆发后，美欧对俄实施了最严厉的制裁，俄通往欧洲的交通运输线路严重受阻，俄加快了“南—北”交通走廊建设推进速度。
L | 2022年7月份，俄总统普京访问伊朗，明确表态俄方将协助伊方修建“南—北”走廊上的“拉什特（伊朗）—阿斯塔拉（阿塞拜疆）”铁路，其能将俄、阿、伊、印四国铁路接成网络，“南—北”走廊再次成为国际交通运输领域的焦点议题。“南—北”走廊作为经向运输通道，单凭俄、伊、印等国建设与运作，其辐射作用等难以完全发挥。中吉乌铁路的开通，能在纬向上为“南—北”走廊增加多个出入口、拓展其腹地范围，势必加速驱动“南—北”走廊建设进程。总之，中吉乌铁路建设协议的签署，再次彰显了上合组织“互信、互利、平等、协商、尊重多样文明、谋求共同发展”的上海精神，将有利于亚欧大陆整体交通网络完善，为疫情后重启经济、发掘经济潜力创造新机遇，更有利于上合组织成员国及关联国家共同“反抗不公正国际规则挤压”，共建共享安全格局。
M | （本文来源：经济日报 作者：兰州大学土库曼斯坦研究中心 王四海 魏 锦）
Current article:http://ihf5.menjiewugaokuodudipianbeiduan.pics/list_zlqowu/v6z.html
Published on:22:43:34